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991.
资源环境承载力评价是国土空间规划和三区三线划定的基础,评价理论与方法越来越受到各界的关注,但尚未形成完备的理论框架。本研究引入短板理论、风险理论和边际理论,构建资源环境承载力评价的理论框架与技术方法,并以陕北黄土高原绥德县为研究区开展实证研究。基于短板理论,识别区域重大资源环境问题,遴选1~3个制约性因素;基于边际理论,以资源开发利用利润最大化或无利润作为资源承载力评价标准,开展资源承载力评价;基于风险理论,以人类活动带来的环境问题或灾害引发的生命和财产风险的容许标准作为环境承载力评价标准,开展环境承载力评价;基于单因素承载力评价结果,开展综合承载力评价,评价结果为安全承载、容许超载或不可接受超载;将综合承载力评价结果与区域国土空间开发现状或规划结果做叠加分析,划定区域发展三区三线。通过对绥德县资源环境承载力评价,结果表明,该理论框架与技术方法简便易推广,评价结果可信,可以为国土空间优化、科学划定"三条红线"提供支撑。 相似文献
992.
山东黄县盆地是中国东部一个重要的煤和油页岩共生盆地,古近系李家崖组是盆地主要的含煤岩系发育层段。根据层序地层学理论,建立了古近系层序地层格架;依据钻测井、岩心资料划分了李家崖组的沉积相类型,编制了分体系域的沉积相图。主要结论如下:(1)李家崖组发育湖泊、辫状河三角洲以及扇三角洲3种沉积相类型。(2)层序Ⅰ低水位体系域以辫状河三角洲相为主,湖扩展体系域以扇三角洲相和湖泊相为主,高水位体系域以扇三角洲相为主;层序Ⅱ低水位体系域以辫状河三角洲相为主,湖扩展体系域以扇三角洲相和湖泊相为主,高水位体系域以湖泊相为主。(3)层序Ⅰ发育时期: 低水位期盆地初始形成—湖扩展期盆地扩张—高水位期盆地萎缩;层序Ⅱ发育时期: 低水位期盆地再次缓慢扩张—湖扩展期盆地加速扩张—高水位期盆地萎缩消亡。 相似文献
993.
以颗粒状和粉末状膨润土防水毯(GCLs)为对象,运用GDS (global digital systems)全自动渗透仪开展渗透试验,研究CaCl_2溶液作用下GCLs渗透性能的温度效应,初步探讨其机理。试验表明:当水化液为0.05mol/L的CaCl_2溶液时,两种GCLs渗透系数随温度升高呈现增大趋势;当水化液为去离子水时,颗粒状GCL渗透系数随温度升高而减小,粉末状GCL渗透系数随温度升高而增大。去离子水情况下,膨润土吸附结合水量随温度升高而减小;CaCl_2溶液作用下,吸附结合水量较去离子水情况大幅降低。当CaCl_2溶液浓度一定时,膨润土膨胀指数随温度升高而略有增大;当温度一定时,膨润土膨胀指数随CaCl_2溶液浓度升高而显著减小。以去离子水进行试验时:颗粒状和粉末状GCLs渗透系数随温度的变化主要影响因素为凝胶态蒙脱石数量,其次为流体黏滞系数和吸附结合水量;颗粒状GCLs膨润土孔隙结构越不均匀,凝胶态蒙脱石数量的影响就越显著,导致渗透系数随温度升高而减小、固有渗透率随温度升高显著降低。以CaCl_2溶液进行试验时,两种GCLs渗透系数随温度变化的主要受流体黏滞系数和吸附结合水量的影响,而受凝胶态蒙脱石数量的影响较小。孔隙溶液性质、温度和膨润土类型均对GCLs的防渗性能具有重要影响。 相似文献
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996.
南海北部吕宋海峡是内潮最为活跃的区域之一,且涡旋种类繁多,不同特性的涡旋对内潮的影响不同。基于近岸与区域海洋共同模式(coastal and regional ocean community model,CROCO),模拟探究理想涡旋存在时,涡旋位置、极性、峰值流速和半径对内潮的影响。结果表明:涡旋位置是影响内潮的直接因素,位于涡旋区域内的内潮是主要影响对象,涡旋中心以西内潮方向变化的角度是以东的3倍。气旋涡和反气旋涡分别使潮能通量的方向向南和向北偏转,最大偏转角度超过12°,当涡旋所致背景流与内潮传播方向一致时,内潮群速度增强,反之减弱。涡旋对内潮的影响范围和幅度随着涡旋的半径和峰值流速的增大而变大。当涡旋峰值速度变大时,反气旋涡心以北的潮能通量增长量超过15 kW/m。当涡旋半径增大时,涡旋峰值速度的位置发生变化,涡旋的峰值流速和半径共同影响潮能通量水平分布结构,使其呈现纬向单峰或多峰结构。 相似文献
997.
Spilled oil floats and travels across the water’s surface under the influence of wind, currents, and wave action. Wave-induced Stokes drift is an important physical process that can affect surface water particles but that is currently absent from oil spill analyses. In this study, two methods are applied to determine the velocity of Stokes drift, the first calculates velocity from the wind-related formula based upon a one-dimensional frequency spectrum, while the second determines velocity directly from the wave model that was based on a two-dimensional spectrum. The experimental results of numerous models indicated that: (1) oil simulations that include the influence of Stokes drift are more accurate than that those do not; (2) for medium and long-term simulations longer than two days or more, Stokes drift is a significant factor that should not be ignored, and its magnitude can reach about 2% of the wind speed; (3) the velocity of Stokes drift is related to the wind but is not linear. Therefore, Stokes drift cannot simply be replaced or substituted by simply increasing the wind drift factor, which can cause errors in oil spill projections; (4) the Stokes drift velocity obtained from the two-dimensional wave spectrum makes the oil spill simulation more accurate. 相似文献
998.
999.
Deepwater sediments are prone to loss circulation in drilling due to a low overburden gradient. How to predict the magnitude of leak-off pressure more accurately is an important issue in the protection of drilling safety and the reduction of drilling cost in deep water. Starting from the mechanical properties of a shallow formation and based on the basic theory of rock-soil mechanics, the stress distribution around a borehole was analyzed. It was found that the rock or soil on a borehole is in the plastic yield state before the effective tensile stress is generated, and the effective tangential and vertical stresses increase as the drilling fluid density increases; thus, tensile failure will not occur on the borehole wall. Based on the results of stress calculation, two mechanisms and leak-off pressure prediction models for shallow sediments in deepwater drilling were put forward, and the calculated values of these models were compared with the measured value of shallow leak-off pressure in actual drilling. The results show that the MHPS (minimum horizontal principle stress) model and the FIF (fracturing in formation) model can predict the lower and upper limits of leak-off pressure. The PLC (permeable lost circulation) model can comprehensively analyze the factors influencing permeable leakage and provide a theoretical basis for leak-off prevention and plugging in deepwater drilling. 相似文献
1000.
Philipp Tesch Robert S. Reece James R. Markello Juan Carlos Laya Michael C. Pope 《Basin Research》2020,32(2):388-401
We developed a seismic geomorphology-based procedure to enhance traditional trajectory analysis with the ability to visualize and quantify lateral variability along carbonate prograding-margin types (ramps and rimmed shelves) in 3D and 4D. This quantitative approach analysed the shelf break geometric evolution of the Oligo-Miocene carbonate clinoform system in the Browse Basin and delineated the feedback between antecedent topography and carbonate system response as controlling factor on shelf break rugosity. Our geometrical analysis identified a systematic shift in the large-scale average shelf break strike direction over a transect of 10 km from 62° to 55° in the Oligo-Miocene interval of the Browse Basin, which is likely controlled by far-field allogenic forcing from the Timor Trough collision zone. Plotting of 3D shelf break trajectories represents a convenient way to visualize the lateral variability in shelf break evolution. Shelf break trajectories that indicate contemporaneous along-strike progradation and retrogradation correlate with phases of autogenic slope system re-organization and may be a proxy for morphological stability of the shelf break. Shelf break rugosity and shelf break trajectory rugosity are not inherited parameters and antecedent topography does not dictate long-term differential movement of the shelf margin through successive depositional sequences. The autogenic carbonate system response to antecedent topography smooths high-rugosity areas by filling accommodation and maintains a relatively constant shelf break rugosity of ~150 m. Color-coding of the vertical component in the shelf break trajectory captures the creation and filling of accommodation, and highlights areas of the transect that are likely to yield inconsistent 2D sequence stratigraphic interpretations. 相似文献